Effective 2026-10-21

Editorial standards and corrections

The archive publishes scientific and technical material with identifiable authorship, sources, and publication dates. An article is not described as independently peer reviewed unless that review actually occurred. Original research, reviews, explanatory material, manufacturer information, patents, assumptions, and illustrative calculations must be distinguished.

Human authors and editors remain responsible for published content. AI-assisted drafting, translation, or illustration does not constitute scientific validation. Figures and descriptions must not misrepresent scientific observations. Figure captions explain scientific meaning and may include a supplied image credit.

Corrections

Send the publication URL, the disputed passage or figure, the proposed correction, and supporting evidence to the policy contact. We assess the evidence and seek author review where needed. Commercial disagreement alone does not justify changing a supported result.

Minor typographical corrections may be made without a separate notice. Changes affecting interpretation, calculations, conclusions, authorship, or rights receive a dated correction or version note. Serious unresolved concerns may receive a notice while they are investigated. Where practicable, a withdrawn article retains a short explanatory record rather than silently disappearing.

Interests and recommendations

Authors and the publisher must disclose relevant funding, employment, consulting, ownership, patent, equipment-supply, family, or other material interests that could influence a reader's assessment. A manufacturer mention does not by itself establish sponsorship or endorsement.

Sponsored material must be clearly identified where readers encounter it. Some recommendation links are affiliate links. If you use one and make a qualifying purchase, we may receive a commission. Our Amazon Associates participation is disclosed here: “As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.” A commission or commercial relationship does not establish a product's technical suitability. External sellers are responsible for their own sales, delivery, and return terms. We do not promise favorable coverage in exchange for payment, gifts, or access.

Private correspondence is not a public submission license. We obtain appropriate permission before publishing identifiable correspondence, unpublished material, or a contributor's work.